Banking Management System

Project can be categorized in two ways :-

1.      Local area network projects.

2.      Distributed Projects.

Local Area Network projects are those projects where application has to be incorporated in the Local area network of the client i.e within its premises only. In LAN case server is not remotely located and client access this application through this network. Here the question of platform independence does not  arise and we use technologies like : Visual Basic , Fox pro , D2k  or C,C++.

Distributed projects are those projects where application is remotely situated. In these kind of projects application is remotely situated on to the remote server from where client machine access this application. WAN and aInternet is a kind of distributed application where client machine connects to the remote server and application is downloaded on to client machine. Here the question of platform independence arises and we use technologies like Java Servlets , Java Server Pages , EJB , RMI etc.

Weather you are working on LAN projects or Distributed projects there are two sides of it :-

1.      Front End.

2.      Back End.

Front End remains on client side. Front end is made for end user who uses our application. Basically in front end our input-output forms reside which takes the input from the client and gives output back to client.

Backend remains on server side and has two components i.e.

1.      Server side program

2.      Data Base.

Data base is the most important thing in this universe as data base gives identity to a thing without data base existence of a thing is impossible.

While working on a project first step is to design a database.

What is data base ?

Data Base is a collection of tables and table is a collection of records in a tabular form i.e. in row and columns.

Data Base can be divided into two parts :-

1.      RDBMS.

2.      DBMS.

We will be using RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) in our project i.e. oracle 8i Enterprise edition.

Why we are using Oracle (RDBMS)?

Some of the merits of using Oracle (RDBMS) is as under  :-

·        Centralization of database.

·        Client Server Technology.

·        Security.

·        Normalization of Data Base.

·        Relationship.

·        Transaction Processor.

·        It gives some internet related features.

Hence because of these features we are using Oracle as a back end technology.

ABOUT ORACLE 8.0

Oracle 8.0 contains all the features of previous version. It also supports some new features  & enhancement to some existing features. Oracle servers provides deficient & effective solution for the major features.

·        Large Database  & Space Management Control

Oracle supports the largest database potential hundreds of Giga Bytes in size. To make  efficient  use of expensive devices , it allows full control of space usage.

·        Many Concurrent Database Performances

It supports large no of concurrent users executing a variety of database Applications operation on the same data. It minimizes  data connection & guarantees data concurrency.

·        High Transaction Processing Performance

Oracle maintains the processing features with a high degree of overall system performance. Database user doesn’t suffer from slow processing performance.

·        High Availability

At some sets Oracle works 24 Hours per day with  no downtime or limit database throughput. Normal system operation such as database backup & partial completion system failure don’t interrupt database use.

·        Controlled Availability

 Oracle can selectively control the availability of data at the database level & sub Database level. e.g. an administrator  can disallow  use of a specific application .Data can be reloaded without affecting other application.

·        Industry Accepted Standards

Oracle adheres to industry accepted standards for the data access language operating system, user interface & network communication protocols . It is open system that protocols a customer invention.

·        Manageable Security

To protect against unauthorized database aspects & users .Oracle provides failsafe security features to limit & monitor the data area. The system make it easy to manage even the most completed designs for data assets.

·        Database  Enforced Integrity

Oracle enforces data integrity “Business rules” that dictates the standards for applicable data. As result the cost of coding & managing checks in many database applications are eliminated.

·        Distributed Database System

For community environment that are connected via networks. Oracle combines the data physically located on the different computers in one logical database that can be accessed by all the network users. Distributed systems have same degree of user transparency & data consistency as non-distributed systems. Yet receives the advantages of local database management.

·        Portability

Oracle software is compatible to work under different operating system & same on all system. Application  developed on Oracle can be used on virtually any system with little or no more modification.

·        Compatibility

Oracle software is compatible with industry standards, including most industry standards operating systems. Application developed on Oracle can be used on virtually any system with little or no modification.

·        Connectivity

Oracle software allows different types of computers & operating system  to share information networks.

NEW FEATURES OF ORACLE 8.0

·        Improved Scalability

The maximum size of an Oracle database has been increased to support hundreds of terabytes depending on the operating system on which it resides.

·        Improved Security

Oracle 8.0 server  now includes password management so that a password has a limited lifetime & must meet certain complexity  such as minimum length. An account can be locked after a specified no of failed login attempts.

·        Improved Performance Via Partition

A table of index can divided into smaller pieces called patrons, based on the value of one  or more columns. A table patron can be individually managed so that operation in one partition do not affect the availability of data on the other partitions. Also Insert ,Update ,Delete operation against a partitioned table can be processed partially.

In other words, the Oracle 8 server can assign a portion of the work to execute a single DML statement to multiple processes , which may then be allocated to multiple processes by  the server operating system. As a result ,the parallel DML operation is completed more quickly.

·        Enhanced Support for Database Replication

The performance & manageability of database replication have been significantly improved.

·        Capability To Handle  a Much Larger Number Of Concurrent Users

By pooling database connection, the Oracle 8 server is able t9o service a much larger number of concurrent users up to  3000, depending on the server operating system & server hardware resources.

·        New & Improved Data Types

Some existing data types have been enhanced & new data types have been introduced.

·        Improved Select Statement

A new feature of the select  statement allows a sub query to be used in place of a table

in a from clause.

Now when we are discussing Data Base there is one more thing attached to it i.e. Data Base Models.

DataBase Models :

                        There are three kind of database models :-

1.      Single tier architecture.

2.      Two tier architecture.

3.      N- tier architecture.

Single tier Architecture :- In this kind of architecture Database and Client Application remains on One machine i.e there is no client server technology , there is no centralization of database and basically it is a stand alone system.

Two tier Architecture :- In this Kind of architecture Database and client application is on two different machine i.e. Database on one machine and Application on another machine. In this type of architecture there is client server technology and centralisation of data base is there, but it has two demerrits :-

1.      Security is not there,

2.      Multiple Client access is not there.

N- tier Architecture :- In this kind of architecture there is a middle ware in between client and database. Middle ware checks the validity of the client i.e. weather client can access the database or not. Hence there is security in it as well as middle ware allows multiple client access.

What is Middle Ware ?

Middle Ware is a concept , Middle Ware provides centralization of business logic i.e. instead of putting logic on each and every client machine we put logic on a centralized server hence middle ware is nothing but a server side program where all your business logic and business methods reside. It remains on server side and it has all the logical building. Middle ware provides :-

1. Multiple Client access.
2. centralized business logic in case of distributed application.

Because we are working on Distributed Application Based Project we need platform independent Language :-

Introduction to Java

Java is a high level, third-generation programming language, like C, Fortran, Perl and many others. It is a platform for distributed computing – a development and run-time environment that cointains built-in support for the World Wide Web.

History of Java

Java development began at Sun Microsystem in 1991, the same year the World Wide Web was conceived. Java’s creator , James Gosling did not design java for the Internet. His Objective was to create a common development environment for consumer electronic devices which was easily portable from one device to another. This effort evolved into a language , code named Oak and later renamed Java that retains much of the syntax and power of c++ , but is simpler and more platform independent.

Java Features

Some of the important features of Java are as follows:

• Simplicity
• Orientation
• Platform Independence
• Security
• High Performance
• Multi Threading
• Dynamic linking.
• Garbage Collection.

One of the most important feature of Java is Platform Independence which makes it famous and suitable language for World Wide Web.

Why java is Platform Independent ?

Java is Platform Independent because of Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

The client application or operating system must have a java byte-code interpreter to execute byte-code instructions. The interpreter is a part of a lager program called the JVM. The JVM interprets the byte code into native code and is available on platforms that supports java.

When the user runs a Java program, it is upto the JVM to load , possibly verify, and then execute it. The JVM can perform this function from within a browser or any other container program or directly on top of the operating system.

When a browser invokes the JVM to run a Java program, the JVM does a number of things :

1. It validates the requested byte-codes, verifying that they pass various formatting and security checks.
2. It allocates memory for the in coming java class files and guarantees that the security of JVM is not violated. This is known as the class loader.
3. it interprets the byte code instructions found in the class files to execute the program.

Connectivity using JDBC :-

There are four kind of drivers available in Jdbc :-

1.      JdbcOdbc Bridge Driver.

2.      Partly Java Driver.

3.      Pure Java Driver.

4.      Native Driver.

JdbcOdbcDriver : This provides Jdbc access via Odbc drivers. Note that Odbc binary code , and in many case database client code, must be loaded an each client machine that uses this driver. As a result this kind of driver is most appropriate on a corporate network where client installations are not a major problem.

Partly Java Driver : This Driver translates Jdbc calls into a Net Protocol which is then translated to a RDBMS protocolby a server.In this kind of driver part of the binary code should be on client machine and part should be on server, hence this kind of driver has same problem that was with JdbcOdbc driver and it is mostly used in Intranet.

Pure Java Driver : This is a platform independent driver as this kind of driver remains on server. This kind of driver is provided by third party vendor. This net server middle ware is able to connect its pure java clients to many different databases.

Native Driver : This kind of driver converts JDBC calls into the network protocol used by Dbms directly. This allows a direct call from client machine to the DBMS server and is a practical solution for Intranet access.

Note :- We are using 3^rd Type of driver i.e. Thin Driver in our project.

Client Side Interface :-

In client side interface we are using :-

a)     Swings – In WAN Application.

b)     Servlet / JSP – In Internet Based Application.

Swings components are platform independent components and we are designing client side forms using Swings and we are calling EJB (Server side business logic) on event.

Servlets / JSP are middleware technologies which are used in web based projects because they use :-

1.      HTTP Protocol to handle Request and Response.

2.      They are invoked through Browser.

3.      They give out put in HTML format.

4.      They need Browser Support.

We have designed web based forms using servlets and servlets call EJB in which we have defined business logic.

EJB :- EJB is a server side component in which we define business logic which is reuseable.

Features of EJB are:-

1.                       Wider Scope i.e. it can be used in both application based projects and web based projects.

2.                       Reusability.

3.                       Economical and efficient.

4.                       Connection Pool.

5.                       Transaction and Persistency.

6.                       Security.

7.                       Multi threading.

           

System Analysis and Software Requirement Specification(According to IEEE Standard no. 830-1984)